LoRaWAN® Architecture

The accompanying figure shows the typical system architecture of a LoRaWAN^® application:

End devices are simple objects, such as sensors and actuators, and are the “things” in the Internet of Things (IoT). An end device communicates to the network server through one or more gateways. The gateway acts as a concentrator for the end devices and relays the data between end devices and the network server. The wireless connection between an end device and the gateway is set up through a LoRa® wireless link. The gateways, network servers, and application servers communicate over an IP backhaul linked using Ethernet, 3G, LTE, and so on.